Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurological disorder affecting 1.5 million Americans.  Symptoms and progression vary from person to person, and may include tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement) and postural instability.  Parkinson’s disease reduces the ability to initiate a desired movement, as learned movement patterns are not occurring automatically.  Other automatic movements such as smiling or blinking may also be diminished or lost.

Many of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease result from a lack of dopamine (a chemical messenger in the brain which controls movement).  The cause of Parkinson’s disease is still unknown, and there is no cure at this time.  There are, however, many different types of medications that can help manage the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.

After a complete examination by a neurologist, physical therapy may be recommended as part of the overall treatment program.  During the initial visit, the physical therapist will perform an evaluation, which includes assessing gait (walking), balance, posture, general mobility, range of motion and strength.  Specific standardized tests may also be performed to help determine the risk of falling.  An individualized program will then be designed to maintain or increase flexibility, strength, and ADL (activities of daily living) function.  Retraining can be performed to improve posture, gait and balance with use of assistive devices as needed.  Safety training, for falls prevention, is emphasized.  The number of physical therapy visits is determined based on the individual’s needs.  The goal is to establish a home program, which can be performed independently or with the assistance of caregivers.

While physical therapy can’t stop the progress of Parkinson’s disease, it can provide skills to help maintain or improve function and mobility to maximize independence in daily living activities.  Exercise is important for everyone, but it is essential for someone with Parkinson’s disease to help achieve and maintain the highest quality of life.